因明學想法2 Thoughts on Hetuvidyā (Buddhist Logic) 2

因明學想法2

在原始教典記載的「慧解脫」，必須充份在見惑與思惑的見解與理解裡面勝出，

AI資料指出：思惑──「思慮與情感的錯誤」，

如果是觸及這樣的思維，那麽可論及的範圍，已無法限制。

半寄

（以下AI資料） 見惑五種（又稱「五利使」） 身見：執五蘊為「我」或「我所」。 邊見：執斷常兩邊，如「死後斷滅」或「永恆不滅」。 邪見：否定因果、否定善惡報應。 見取見：執自己錯見為正法。 戒禁取見：執外道戒禁或苦行為解脫之道。 → 這五者都屬於「知見上的執著」，在修行 上於見道位斷除。   思惑──「思慮與情感的錯誤」 「思惑」是指對境生起貪、瞋、癡等情感執 著，屬於「欲貪、瞋恚、慢、無明」等習氣。 它不像見惑那樣理論錯誤，而是情執與習氣 的迷惑。

 

Thoughts on Hetuvidyā (Buddhist Logic) 2

 

In the original Buddhist texts, wisdom-liberation (prajñā-vimukti) requires fully surpassing both delusion in views and delusion in thoughts.

As noted in the AI data, delusion in thought refers to “errors arising from one’s thinking and emotions.”

Once reflection reaches this depth of mental and emotional awareness, the scope of what can be discussed becomes boundless.

 

Master Banji

 

AI Data Five Kinds of View-Based Delusion (Also Called the Five Strong Attachments) 1. Belief in a Self: Taking the five aggregates as “me” or “mine.” 2. Extreme Views: Holding either the belief that everything ends at death or that the self exists forever. 3. Wrong View: Denying cause and effect, or rejecting the law of moral retribution. 4. Attachment to One’s Own Views: Believing that one’s own mistaken opinions are the true teaching. 5. Attachment to Rules and Rituals: Thinking that external precepts or harsh practices alone can bring liberation. All five are forms of intellectual attachment and are removed when a practitioner reaches the stage of seeing the truth.   Thought-Based Delusion — “Errors in Thinking and Emotion” Thought-based delusion means emotional confusion—getting caught up in greed, anger, ignorance, pride, or desire. It is not about wrong ideas, but about emotional habits and attachments that cloud the mind. While view-based delusion comes from false beliefs, thought-based delusion arises from the emotional side of human nature.

 

因明學想法1 Thoughts on Hetuvidyā (Buddhist Logic) 1

 因明學的想法

 

我個人在看過佛法《因明學》之後，印象中由於其中的舉例辨證無法滿足我的求知欲，於是再涉獵西洋哲學想補足這辨證的內容，

 

豈料一去沒再回頭，佛法的辨證在部派佛教之後，再無新論辨，而西洋哲學卻辨論百出，

除了修持佛法的證悟境界以外（聖言量），

個人認為所有的現量、比量都該再補充內涵。

半寄

 

（以下AI資料） 因明與量論的基本關係： 「因明」（Sanskrit Hetuvidyā）意即「因的學問」，是印度古代邏輯學、論理學的一種。   「量論」（Pramāṇavāda）意即「正量之學」，是講「認識真實的可靠根據」──也就是認識論與知識論。   在佛教中，兩者往往被合稱或交互使用，但嚴格說： 量論是理論層面（探討真知的依據）， 因明是方法層面（論證與推理的規則佛法）   量論 「量」是指「正確認識真實的方式」或「能生正知的認識手段」。 佛教量論是研究「我們如何認識真理」的學問，也就是佛教的認識論與邏輯學。   1. 基本定義 「量」有二： 現量（Pratyakṣa）：直接感知的認識（如眼見色）。 比量（Anumāna）：由推理得出的認識（如見煙知火）。   2. 目的 佛教的量論不同於純哲學邏輯，它的目的不是單純求智，而是： 以正智破邪執，導向解脫。 量論屬於「方便慧學」，為修慧與破見惑的工具。

 

Thoughts on Hetuvidyā (Buddhist Logic) 1

After reading Buddhist texts on Hetuvidyā, I felt that their examples and reasoning did not fully meet my intellectual expectations. So I turned to Western philosophy to find what seemed missing in their arguments.

 

To my surprise, that exploration led me far away—I never returned to Buddhist logic in the same way. Since the early Buddhist schools, the Buddhist tradition has developed few new discussions on reasoning, while Western philosophy continues to thrive with endless debate.

 

Apart from the spiritual realization achieved through direct experience (pramāṇa of sacred testimony), I believe that both direct perception and inference in Buddhist thought still need to be expanded and deepened.

Master Banji

AI Data How Buddhist Logic and Epistemology Are Related In Buddhism, Hetuvidyā means “the study of reasoning.” It’s a kind of logic used to explain and prove ideas clearly. Pramāṇavāda means “the study of valid knowledge.” It asks, “How do we know what is true?”—that is, it’s about understanding and reliable knowledge. These two are often mentioned together, but they’re not exactly the same: • Pramāṇavāda explains the theory of true knowledge. • Hetuvidyā explains the method—the rules of reasoning and argument used to express the Dharma. What Pramāṇavāda Teaches “Pramāṇa” means a correct way of knowing. Buddhist thinkers use it to explore how we recognize the truth. There are two main kinds: 1. Direct Perception (Pratyakṣa) – what we know from direct experience, like seeing colors with our eyes. 2. Inference (Anumāna) – what we know by reasoning, like seeing smoke and knowing there must be fire. The Goal Buddhist logic is not just for clever thinking. Its real purpose is to use correct understanding to break false beliefs and lead people toward liberation. It’s a part of wisdom practice, helping practitioners see reality clearly and free themselves from confusion.