果位
果位指的是修習之後所獲得的四種果位
初果: 須陀洹 斷三結 (身見 戒取 疑)
二果: 斯陀含 斷三結 (貪 瞋 痴薄)
三果: 阿那含 斷五下分結 (身見 戒取 疑 貪欲 瞋恚 )
四果: 阿羅漢 斷五上分結(色愛 無色愛 掉 慢 無明 )
Four stages of Enlightenment:
First Stage: Sotāpanna,Abandon 3 Fetters (elimination of identity view, ritual attachment, doubt)
Second Stage: Sakadagami,Abandon 3 Fetters(elimination of greed, anger, ignorance)
Third Stage: anāgāmi,Abandon 5 lower Fetters(elimination of identity view, ritual attachment, doubt, sensual desire, ill wills)
Fourth Stage: arahant, Abandon 5 upper Fetters(elimination of material rebirth lust, immaterial rebirth lust, conceit, restlessness, ignorance)
嘗試用現代用語解釋這些難懂的世界，希望證悟的世界不再是神秘的。，佛一字的解釋中文是覺悟者的意思，既然是覺悟者，那這個世界便可探討。
I want to try to use modern language to explain these hard to understand worlds, and I hope that I can help people realize that the worlds of Enlightenment is not mysterious at all. The meaning of the word "Buddha" is "Someone who is enlightened." or "Someone who fully understands." So if there is a human being who was able to "fully understand", then the world of enlightenment that was understood can be discussed and pursued by people.
佛涅槃後一百年，阿羅漢四果的討論，竟然延伸到肉體還有無排泄物的問題! 是可笑還是無知! 既然討論已到那樣，何不用現代的想法，開闢一條生機，這是我的拙見。
100 years after Buddha's Nirvana, the discussion about "4 Stages of Enlightenment" was reduced to arguments of whether the body of the enlightened person can have human excrement. Isn't this ridiculous? I don't know if I should laugh or cry. Given this level of discussion, what is wrong with using modern thinking to create a new understanding? Why persist on using old languages? That's my humble opinion.
四果內容的大意是人世間的自我執著，道德的認同疑問，界定，對佛說因果世界的懷疑，真相的無法透視，理性與完美的極端追求，種族的歧視 ……在證悟果位後自然得到瓦解。
The basic idea of enlightenment is that all the questions and doubts about the definitions of common morality, Buddha's world view of karma, the inability to see the Truth, extreme pursuit of perfection and rationality, racial discrimination … etc will all be neutralized once enlightenment has been achieved.
對佛陀說因果世界會懷疑，是因為現在做好事或做壞事，效果是不會馬上出來的，好，壞都要通過緣的成熟，也就是時間的催化，才會看到結果，但時間是多久? 誰也答不出來，所以會不相信。
People often suspect the world of karma presented by Buddha. This is because people cannot immediate see the effects of doing "good deed" or "doing bad deed" on the "do-er". For karma to present itself, there must be sufficient time to pass for Yuán (緣, Conditions) to be satisfied. How much time? This is a question that no one can answer, so most people do not believe in Karma.
道德的界定、區分，大家一定覺得奇怪，為什麼這樣說?其實道德是很難下定義的。第一、世界各個國家、民族對道德的認定標準都不一樣，第二、縱使集很多的討論，答案不見得令人滿意，比如:在古代你或妳會贊成貞節牌坊嗎? 在近代同志的婚姻，器官的移植，究竟是對，或錯。
Everyone must be wondering why there are difficulties with the definition of absolute morality. First, every country, every culture have different standard. Second, even after many discussions with participants from many different cultures, the answer to the question of absolute morality may not be acceptable to most people. For example, legalization of homosexual marriages and organ transplants, are these right or wrong?
很多人性所延伸的道德爭議，在進入果位的世界後證悟者本身應該是了然於心的、前面說過，證悟過程必得面臨黑暗面，如果黑暗面一、一被修持者本身克服，那人性是什麼? 誰比他或她清楚。
Many ethical issues that arise from human nature can be understood by the enlightened person. I have mentioned previously, the person on the path to Enlightenment must face the "dark side." If the "dark side" can be conquered by the enlightened person, then who will be better than the Enlightened to understand human nature.
請站在智慧的角度看待果位的想法。
Please consider Enlightenment with wisdom.
色愛、無色愛、是一種禪定，四禪天的禪定世界，(一般人認識的精神世界)，指修行人在修到可以擺脫大部份肉體 ，物質的牽制 ，束縛後(尤其是專門坐禪的人)肉體會產生一種輕快，悅愉，那樣的感受會讓人浸在裡面耽溺，不想再走了，甚至更用力去追求更輕安，舒適的感受，證悟的大難題在於已經擁有人間少有的感受後，再次放手往高處攀爬，超越!
[Note: on some level, this is about the world of zazen/jhana/meditation and I don't fully understand it. But I will try to translate this the best I can. Common translation of 色愛 appears to be "material rebirth lust" and 無色愛 to be "immaterial rebirth lust". I don't think they are correct. I'll use "physical delight" and "spiritual delight" for 色愛 and 無色愛. I translated 精神世界 as spiritual world, but do not mean the world of ghosts. Spiritual here means human spirit.]
"Physical Delight" and "Spiritual Delight" are part of fourth stage of jhana one achieves through zazen/jhana/meditation (This is what most people recognize as the spiritual world.)
"Physical Delight" and "Spiritual Delight" are physical sensations a practitioners might feel in their body if they can remove themselves from most body or physical attachment. (This is true especially for people who specializes in zazen/jhana/meditation.) This type of delightful sensation can cause one to be addicted to it and no longer have the will to improve. A crux for achieving enlightenment is the willingness to give up rare delightful feelings in the human world and continue to move forward.
精神世界絕美的追求，是多少高手的想望，藝術的，音樂的，科學的，甚至是體育的。如果用絕美來引述精神，相信清楚很多，順道一提 : 禪修是可以推升絕美的追求。
Pursuit of absolute beauty/perfection in the spiritual world is the goal of many talented professionals in art, music, science even sports. If the pursuit of enlightenment can be described as the pursuit of absolute beauty/perfection, I think many people will understand. By the way, Zen Practice can raise the level of the pursuit of absolute beauty/perfection.
半寄 Master Ban Ji
2011年9月7日 星期三
2011年8月30日 星期二
中觀論今釋 A Modern Interpretation of Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (Knowledge of the Middle Way)
A為未知數，A要組成需要很多條件，但A還未成立時，不能認為那就是A。成立以後的A，因為是組合體，所以也不認為A是實體存在。亦既還沒成立前，不能預設成立，成立以後不能認為實有。
“A” is an unknown. In order for “A” to exist, many conditions are required. Before “A” exists, we cannot consider the unknown as “A”. But because “A” is a composition and relies on many conditions, we do not consider “A” to exist as a definitive entity once “A” comes to existence. Before a phenomenon exists, we cannot presume that it will exist. Once it exists, we also cannot consider it to be definitive.
這些很多人懂，但我們要做的是融入思考，亦既不斷修正自我（實有）認識的錯覺 (錯誤的以為自體就這樣存在)。
Many people know this concept, however, we all need to incorporate this concept into our thoughts and continuously correct our misconception that we exist as a definitive entity.
緣起性空（法性），諸法之性，雖然是性空緣起，但不能脫離軌道（法則）。 簡單說就是不能說無因之果，或無果之因。緣的內容是廣泛的一切，但絕對不脫因的存在。 請注意「因」是一種可能，不是種子，不是單一存在。
Pratītyasamutpāda (Dependent Origination) implies that all phenomenons' characteristics are Śūnyatā. Even though all phenomenons' characteristics are Śūnyatā and that implies Dependent Origination, phenomenons must still follow laws of nature/Truth. To put it simply, there cannot be a Result without Yin (Cause), or a Yin (Cause) without a Result. Yuán (Conditions) is considered to be always present but cannot be separated from the existence of Yin (Cause). Yin(Cause) is a possibility, not a seed and cannot exist alone.
因的可能，緣的推升，果的成熟，緣起性空談聚集條件。性空緣起談無自體聚集（沒有單一存在，卻能集成）。
The possibility of Yin (Cause) and the rise of Yuán (Conditions) leads to the maturity of the Result. "Dependent Origination implies that all phenomenons' characteristics are Śūnyatā" is about the requirements for assembly. "All phenomenons' characteristics are Śūnyatā and that implies Dependent Origination" is about assembly without a self (Does not exist alone, but can be assembled.)
附註：因的可能是指一切事物存在的可能，而不是已具體存在。
Note: Yin (Cause) is the possibility for phenomena to exist, it does not mean that the phenomena concretely exist.
附註：法性為一種原則，換個形容就是物質，動物所表達的自我特性。
Note: 法性 is a principle. Another way to describe it is the characteristics that are presented by physical substances and animals.
果位詮釋
Interpretation of Four Stages of Enlightenment
證悟四果從初果到四果，初果法眼淨是打開視野看到真相，什麼是真相：「因」，「緣」，「果」的真相。真相明白以後，對自我人性的脆弱，陰暗，愚昧，會主動展開反擊，進而達到光明面的完成。
There are four stages of Enlightenment. The ability gain from attaining the first stage of enlightenment (Sotāpanna) is to allow one to see the Truth. The Truth of Yin (Cause), Yuán (Conditions) and Results (Karma). Once the Truth is understood, one will be able to face and resolve one's personal weaknesses, "dark sides" and ignorance to reach enlightenment.
奮鬥間展生的粹練，便是真正福報的泉源。因已挑戰造黑業的基礎點，並且面向光明產生真正超越人性的力量。阿含經所謂貪，嗔，癡，薄的完成。
The lessons that one learned through this inner struggle will be the source of one's good fortune. Once the foundation that is built upon facing the "dark side" of one's being is solid, one will have the power and energy to transcend human nature and move toward the "light". One will be able to complete the reduction Greed, Anger and Ignorance as defined in Āgama.
貪，瞋，癡，薄給人一大震奮。 佛陀承認人，生而不完美，基礎點的人性相同，不同點在各人的努力不同。不是開頭式便是完美的聖人做起點，佛教徒自勉吧 !!!!!!!
The idea that Greed, Anger and Ignorance can be reduced should give us tremendous motivation. Buddha recognized that people are not born perfect. The basis of our human natures is the same, we differ in our own efforts. None of us started out as a perfect saint, let us, the students of Buddha's teaching, encourage and help each other grow and advance!!!
半寄 Master Bàn Jì
“A” is an unknown. In order for “A” to exist, many conditions are required. Before “A” exists, we cannot consider the unknown as “A”. But because “A” is a composition and relies on many conditions, we do not consider “A” to exist as a definitive entity once “A” comes to existence. Before a phenomenon exists, we cannot presume that it will exist. Once it exists, we also cannot consider it to be definitive.
這些很多人懂，但我們要做的是融入思考，亦既不斷修正自我（實有）認識的錯覺 (錯誤的以為自體就這樣存在)。
Many people know this concept, however, we all need to incorporate this concept into our thoughts and continuously correct our misconception that we exist as a definitive entity.
緣起性空（法性），諸法之性，雖然是性空緣起，但不能脫離軌道（法則）。 簡單說就是不能說無因之果，或無果之因。緣的內容是廣泛的一切，但絕對不脫因的存在。 請注意「因」是一種可能，不是種子，不是單一存在。
Pratītyasamutpāda (Dependent Origination) implies that all phenomenons' characteristics are Śūnyatā. Even though all phenomenons' characteristics are Śūnyatā and that implies Dependent Origination, phenomenons must still follow laws of nature/Truth. To put it simply, there cannot be a Result without Yin (Cause), or a Yin (Cause) without a Result. Yuán (Conditions) is considered to be always present but cannot be separated from the existence of Yin (Cause). Yin(Cause) is a possibility, not a seed and cannot exist alone.
因的可能，緣的推升，果的成熟，緣起性空談聚集條件。性空緣起談無自體聚集（沒有單一存在，卻能集成）。
The possibility of Yin (Cause) and the rise of Yuán (Conditions) leads to the maturity of the Result. "Dependent Origination implies that all phenomenons' characteristics are Śūnyatā" is about the requirements for assembly. "All phenomenons' characteristics are Śūnyatā and that implies Dependent Origination" is about assembly without a self (Does not exist alone, but can be assembled.)
附註：因的可能是指一切事物存在的可能，而不是已具體存在。
Note: Yin (Cause) is the possibility for phenomena to exist, it does not mean that the phenomena concretely exist.
附註：法性為一種原則，換個形容就是物質，動物所表達的自我特性。
Note: 法性 is a principle. Another way to describe it is the characteristics that are presented by physical substances and animals.
果位詮釋
Interpretation of Four Stages of Enlightenment
證悟四果從初果到四果，初果法眼淨是打開視野看到真相，什麼是真相：「因」，「緣」，「果」的真相。真相明白以後，對自我人性的脆弱，陰暗，愚昧，會主動展開反擊，進而達到光明面的完成。
There are four stages of Enlightenment. The ability gain from attaining the first stage of enlightenment (Sotāpanna) is to allow one to see the Truth. The Truth of Yin (Cause), Yuán (Conditions) and Results (Karma). Once the Truth is understood, one will be able to face and resolve one's personal weaknesses, "dark sides" and ignorance to reach enlightenment.
奮鬥間展生的粹練，便是真正福報的泉源。因已挑戰造黑業的基礎點，並且面向光明產生真正超越人性的力量。阿含經所謂貪，嗔，癡，薄的完成。
The lessons that one learned through this inner struggle will be the source of one's good fortune. Once the foundation that is built upon facing the "dark side" of one's being is solid, one will have the power and energy to transcend human nature and move toward the "light". One will be able to complete the reduction Greed, Anger and Ignorance as defined in Āgama.
貪，瞋，癡，薄給人一大震奮。 佛陀承認人，生而不完美，基礎點的人性相同，不同點在各人的努力不同。不是開頭式便是完美的聖人做起點，佛教徒自勉吧 !!!!!!!
The idea that Greed, Anger and Ignorance can be reduced should give us tremendous motivation. Buddha recognized that people are not born perfect. The basis of our human natures is the same, we differ in our own efforts. None of us started out as a perfect saint, let us, the students of Buddha's teaching, encourage and help each other grow and advance!!!
半寄 Master Bàn Jì
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