Note: Added Deed and 業
本詞彙表提供了一些重要概念的定義。對於每個概念，我們將有更多的聯繫去討論這個概念。
This glossary provides a listing of simple definition of important concepts in our discussions. For each entry, there will be additional links to discussions of these concepts in our blog.
現象
我們用「現象」這兩個字去代表世界上一切的生滅及存在。例如：物質的毀滅、念頭的產生跟行為，我們都用現象去代表。
Phenomenon (現象)
We use the word “Phenomenon” to represent the creation, existence and destruction of a phenomenon that can be observed in the world, such as destruction of a physical object, inception of a thought or a behavior.
空
簡單的說，「空」的定義是『一切都是「因缘」所生，「因缘」所在及「因缘」所滅』。所以，所有現象的生滅及存在都依靠其他現象，不能認為單獨存在。
Śūnyatā (空)
Śūnyatā are often translated as “emptiness” in English. However, in Buddhist teaching, Śūnyatā is definitely not “emptiness”, “void”, or “nothingness”. Śūnyatā means that all phenomenons' (whether they are material or not) creation, existence and destruction are the result of Nidānas. Therefore, all phenomenons are dependent on other phenomenons and cannot be considered to exist as a unity and standalone.
因缘
「因」是一種可能。
「緣」是條件跟元素的組合。所以，一個現象，需要「元素」的存在，造成這個現象發生的「條件」都符合，才能讓這個現象發生。例如：烹飪一道菜，需要『想要做這道菜的因』、『這道菜的材料』（元素）、『有人去行動將這這道菜做出來』（條件）。
Pratītyasamutpāda (緣起)
Nidānas (因缘)
In English, it can be simply defined as “causation.” However, in Chinese's interpretation, there are two components to the “causation”, Yin (因) and Yuán (緣). Yin is a “possibility” of a phenomenon and Yuán is the per-requisites (elements and conditions) that are necessary for a phenomenon to occur. If both the possibility and the per-requisites for a phenomenon come together, then this phenomenon will occur. For example, in order to create a dish, we need a “motivation to make the dish” (Yin), the “ingredient for the dish” (Yuán, elements) and “some one to make the dish” (Yuán, conditions).
緣起
一個現象產生的條件跟元素都符合了。Pratītyasamutpāda (緣起)
Pratītyasamutpāda means dependent origination. A phenomenon's origination has all the dependencies fulfilled.
果位
果位指的是修習之後所獲得的四種果位
初果: 須陀洹 斷三結(身見 戒取 疑)
二果: 斯陀含 斷三結 貪 瞋 痴薄
三果: 阿那含 斷五下分結 (身見 戒取 疑 貪欲 瞋恚 )
四果: 阿羅漢 斷五上分結(色愛 無色愛 掉 慢 無明 )
Stages of Enlightenment (果位)
There are 4 stages of enlightenment that defines progressive stages of enlightenment. These stages are:
First Stage: Sotāpanna,Abandon 3 Fetters (elimination of identity view, ritual attachment, doubt)
Second Stage: Sakadagami,Abandon 3 Fetters(elimination of greed, anger, ignorance)
Third Stage: anāgāmi,Abandon 5 lower Fetters(elimination of identity view, ritual attachment, doubt, sensual desire, ill wills)
Fourth Stage: arahant, Abandon 5 upper Fetters(elimination of material rebirth lust, immaterial rebirth lust, conceit, restlessness, ignorance)
The English translation of the elements in parenthesis are provided by Wikipedia and I cannot confirm their accuracy yet.
Empirical Understanding
Understanding with both the brain and the body.
體會
身體跟腦的了解 請參考 體會的意思
Deed
Normally, 業 is translated as karma. However, in our blog, 業 means "action that was accomplished", so "deed" is used to translate this word to mean "that which is done."
業
已作成的事
Deed
Normally, 業 is translated as karma. However, in our blog, 業 means "action that was accomplished", so "deed" is used to translate this word to mean "that which is done."
業
已作成的事
