2025年8月8日 星期五

第一義空經2 -3The Ultimate Truth of Śūnyatā in the Saṃyukta Āgama 2 -3

 第一義空經2

 

《解讀龍樹〈中論〉27道題》第19210頁。

這裡邊的佛教論師們對時間的問題,已經說的夠清楚。


我有一陣子相當著迷於書裡面那一頁對時間的探索,論師們對時間的辨證引人入勝!

 

我在第一義空經1裡面寫說:

3.這裡邊要起變動的「無常」,也已包括對時間的認識問題。」

 

佛法業力觀點已經包含時間,


例如1:在1年前、在昨天做了比較重大的事不管是善、惡事,從做的行動力開始即刻產生催化-時間-速度。

 

例如2:在業力觀點中時間也不是直條線的,

ㄧ群人共同造了善業,但各自際遇不會ㄧ樣,因每個個體原本已經背負的種種本來也不同,


因此,共同的善業所產生的福報落點也因各自背景不同,展示的時間點也不一。

反之,惡業也ㄧ樣。



從現在能認識的時間看待善、惡業就有著複雜度,更何況跨過前世今生,

 

加上生命裏的變動力從沒停止過,

(個體思考能力或行事風格轉變)


不論現在或跨每一世都是,


不管是個體的變動或是時代的變遷,


從時間看待業力觀點,需要思考的層面廣泛。

 

半寄


(建議看《中觀論》讀者,先不要管勝義的問題,把這一頁的辨證弄懂,會慢慢理解佛法提出的勝義意義。)



(Readers of the Mulamadhyamakakarika are advised to temporarily set aside concerns about the ultimate truth. Prioritize grasping the dialectical reasoning on this page. Through this process, the Buddhist understanding of ultimate truth will gradually unfold.

For English readers, please refer to the English translation of the text.)


 


The Ultimate Truth of Śūnyatā in the SaṃyuktaĀgama 2

 

In Chapter 19, page 210 of Nagarjuna’s Middle Way: Mulamadhyamakakarika, the Buddhist scholars offer a thorough analysis of the nature of time.

 

I was once profoundly engrossed in the exploration of time discussed on that page. The scholars’ dialectical reasoning regarding time was exceptionally compelling.

 

In The Ultimate Truth of Śūnyatā in the Saṃyukta Āgama1, I mentioned:

3. This idea of change and impermanence also involves our understanding of time.”

 

From the Buddhist perspective on karma, time is already embedded within it.

Illustration 1: When a significant act is committed,whether wholesome or unwholesomea year ago or just yesterday, the act itself immediately sets off a process — like a catalyst — involving time and speed.

 

Illustration 2: In karma, time is not linear.

Even when a collective act of merit is generated, the fruition of its karmic results unfolds diversely across individuals. Each being carries a distinct karmic history, thus the merit manifests at different times and in different forms. The same applies to negative karma.

 

Understanding good and bad karma within the limits of the present life is already complex. It becomes even more layered when we take into account past and future lives, along with the changes (that occur in one’s way of thinking or behaviorover time.

 

This process of change never stops — not in this life, and not in any lifetime. Whether it’s personal growth or broader changes in the world, these shifts constantly influence how karma unfolds.

 

Thus, when we consider karma through the framework of time, we must engage with a broad and nuanced range of perspectives.

 

Master Banji

 

 


 

第一義空經3

 

已經有大德解開中觀空性的1+1解讀,😊大按讚!

 

再提一個觀點:

空性的1+1引申至《般若心經》的「不增不減」,如何!

 

佛經或論典看多了,總覺裡面是印度民族性的運算能力,

而《中觀論》更是其中的佼佼者,不論就空間、時間、運動(速度)全部辨證。

好一部天書。

 

半寄

 

The Ultimate Truth of Śūnyatā in the Saṃyukta Āgama3

 

Some layman has already illuminated the Madhyamakaunderstanding of śūnyatā using the analogy "1 + 1" — a truly insightful interpretation. 👍😊

 

Let me offer a further perspective:

Could this notion of “1 + 1 within śūnyatā” also shed light on the Heart Sutra’s profound phrase — “neither increasing nor decreasing”?

 

The more one studies the Buddhist scriptures and commentaries, the more one senses the distinctively Indian philosophical temperament — analytical, methodical, and logically rigorous.

Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā exemplifies this to the highest degree, applying dialectics to space, time, motion, even speed. 

 

A true celestial text — both profound and intellectually dazzling.

 

Master Banji

 

 

2025年8月6日 星期三

雜阿含經第一義空1The Ultimate Truth of Śūnyatā in the Saṃyukta Āgama1

雜阿含經第一義空

 

大家好!

 

雜阿含經335經的「有業報而無作者,此陰滅已,異陰相續。」

 

經文明確說出一般人的輪迴狀態是:


「此陰滅已,異陰相續」。

 

中觀的思維指出,

此陰滅已(指肉體的死亡及肉體的意識)

異陰相續(下一世的肉體與意識),這裡邊必須先釐清幾個觀點:

 

1.已滅如何相續?

 

2.如若此世在肉體死亡時,意識夾帶自己的善、惡業再投胎,請問這一世的全部帶過去嗎?

怎麼帶?(太重了走不動,開玩笑🙃

 

中觀的思想認爲,都「存在」的,包括人的意識是動不了的,

要解決輪迴中夾帶的善、惡能量(意識),

可以試想;假如意識(記憶)是固定的,人們將走向何方?

 

如意識必須承載今世的能量至下一世,

也必須是空性,不然輪迴中的生命在固定的記憶裏,如何變化?

 

業力的使然也是要因,

但中觀的思想認爲能使這一切起變動遷移的必是「空性」。

 

3.這裡邊要起變動的「無常」,也已包括對時間的認識問題,


 

在「無我」的架構中延續下一世,對修行者而言;

空是意識深處的解脫,

也是「不一不異」。

貫徹了「有業報而無作者」的佛法。

 

這是後代學佛的修行者進一步去思考深入的問題。

 

半寄

 

(照片為《解讀龍樹菩薩中論27道題》第20

 



The Ultimate Truth of Śūnyatā in the Saṃyukta Āgama

 

Greetings, friends of NanZen!

 

In Saṃyukta Āgama Sūtra 335, we find the following teaching:

 

The results of karma exist, but not the doer thereof. When this Skandhas ceases, a different Skandhas arises.

 

 

It emphasizes the ordinary pattern of rebirth:

 

When this Skandhas ceases, a different Skandhas arises. 

 

From the standpoint of Madhyamaka thought,
“the cessation of these aggregates” refers to the death of the current physical and mental form,
while “the arising of others” refers to the emergence of a new body and consciousness in a subsequent existence.

 

This raises several critical philosophical inquiries:

1. How can something that has already ceased continue?
2. If, at the moment of death, consciousness carries karmic impressions to a future rebirth,
does it transmit the entire content of this life?
And if so, how exactly does this transmission happen? (A light joke: Wouldn't it be too heavy to carry? 🙃)

 

From the Madhyamaka view, anything that truly exists — including consciousness — is static and unchanging.
Thus, the transmission of karmic energy requires a non-fixed, transformable foundation.
If memory or consciousness were fixed, how could transformation or evolution occur in rebirth?

Therefore, for consciousness to carry karmic energy into future lives,
its nature must be śūnyatā,
for without śūnyatā, life would remain trapped in rigid continuity.

Although karmic forces operate based on causes and conditions,
Madhyamaka asserts that it is śūnyatā that makes transformation and continuity possible.

3. This idea of change and impermanence also involves our understanding of time —this will be discussed separately in a future essay.

 

From the standpoint of non-self, rebirth is a continuation without a fixed identity.
For the practitioner, śūnyatā offers inner liberation at the level of consciousness,
and aligns with the concept of “neither identical nor different.”

This embodies the Dharma principle: 

The results of karma exist, but not the doer thereof.

 

This is a deep exploration of the Buddha’s teachings by later generations of Buddhist practitioners, and it also embodies the wisdom that has emerged from their reflections over time.

 

Master Banji

 

(Photo from Nagarjuna’s Middle Way: Mulamadhyamakakarika, p. 20)

 

 

 


 

2025年8月3日 星期日

中村元對空的看法

以下AI資料:

日本學者中村元(Nakamura Hajime)對「空(śūnyatā)」的見解,是建立在他對佛教思想整體發展的深入理解上,尤其重視從原始佛教到大乘佛教(特別是中觀學)的思想演變。以下是他對「空」的主要看法:



🔹 一、中村元對「空」的基本觀點:


1. 「空」不是無,也不是虛無


中村元強調:「空並不是什麼都不存在的虛無主義(nihilism)」。

他指出,中觀派所說的「空」,不是否定現象的存在,而是:


否定一切法有「自性(svabhāva)」,即獨立不變的本質。

現象不是實體性的存在,而是因緣所生、相依相待的關係網絡。


這種說法繼承並發展了原始佛教中「無我」、「緣起」的觀念。



2. 「空」是對語言與概念執著的批判


中村元認為,空的思想是一種語言觀,也就是對語言所建構的實體性概念的徹底批判。他寫道:


「人往往以語言命名所指為真實存在,實則這些只是方便的指稱,空就是破除對語言概念的執著。」


例如,「我」、「人」、「法」、「心」等詞語,本質上只是便利的分類,沒有固定實體。



3.

中村元指出,「空」與「緣起」是不可分割的。

「緣起」指一切現象因條件與相互關係而生,

而「空」則是緣起的邏輯結論,表明現象無自性,僅是因緣和合的結果。


這點他與許多中觀學者(如龍樹)相符,也強調佛教的中道精神:不落「常有」亦不落「斷無」中。



🔹 二、對「空」的文化與語言詮釋


中村元從文化與哲學角度切入,認為「空」也與印度語言與思想的抽象性有關。他指出:

   •   印度人傾向於使用否定語句(如「無我」、「無常」、「空」)來破除錯誤認知。

   •   與西方哲學追求實體與本體不同,佛教語言更多是「指向解脫的工具(upāya)」。



🔹 三、與其他宗教或思想的比較


中村元也嘗試將佛教的「空」與:

   •   西方的「存在論(ontology)」、

   •   基督教神學的「創造者與被造物」關係、

   •   道家的「無」與「有」之辨,


進行比較,指出佛教的空思想是一種超越形上學的實踐哲學,不是要建構一套本體論,而是指導解脫的實踐觀。



🔹 總結:


中村元認為:「空」不是一個否定性的虛無概念,而是一種去除執著的智慧,是對存在本質的非本質化認識。它的根本精神來自緣起,是為了引導眾生理解無我、無常,進而解脫煩惱。

2025年8月2日 星期六

中觀論南傳佛教看法Theravāda Perspectives on the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā

《中觀論》南傳佛教看法

 

大家好!

 

有些讀者想知道以下的AI資料內容的真實性。

 

「某些上座部論師的批評

 

近代或現代部分上座部學者,對龍樹提出過質疑,例如:

  認為「一切法皆空」的觀點會導致否定業報與輪迴,是傾向斷見或虛無主義;

  有些批評者甚至會用「非佛說」、「邪見」或極端地稱之為「魔說」來指龍樹的

   學說,但這屬於個別意見,不代表整體上座部佛教立場。

例如現代知名的上座部比丘:

 Bhikkhu Bodhi(菩提比丘):對大乘哲學持尊重與學術分析態度,認為中觀有其邏輯深度,但指出與上座部核心教義不同。

•有些學者會認為龍樹的哲學是哲學詮釋而非原始佛教教義,但避免極端批評。」

 

半寄:

上面說的其實很簡單,只要弄清楚因緣果的深義,便可知是否需要《中觀論》的解說。

(參考雜阿含經335經,「有業報而無作者」內容,找出本部落格新竹安捷空的系列)

 

如果只害怕「空性」等於「佛說因果論」丟失的話,那不要讀《中論》就好,我都認為沒什麼好爭議的!

 

這個問題有人問我的時候,

我說那簡單,

按照論師的慣例,

你再造一個辯論法駁倒它,就解決了,但我目前還沒有看到。

 

我在我們南禪的讀書會多次提過,承認《中觀論》

等於承認後人的智慧結晶,

《中觀論》其中觀點簡約,

 

屬於我個人的解説:

 

1+1若可以=2

中觀家主張11之間必須是空性。

從來沒說0+0的論點,

讀者自己去琢磨。

 

南傳佛教同樣重視的《阿毗達磨》樣是論典,

你有沒有能力解讀《中觀論》那是讀者自己的事。


《中觀論》不是哲學,

之前的文章說過懂佛陀的教學「因緣法」的可能只有舍利弗跟龍樹菩薩,

也有舉證經典佐證。

 

原始教典大量應用斷字,很多修行或生活都處於斷的事項,

什麼都斷掉了,當然很好處理。

 

而要說明存在性、變化性、延續性,必然需要較高段的思維模式,

這不是已經制式化的心與心所能理解的。


何必說魔?嚇唬誰?

 

半寄

 





 

 

Theravāda Perspectives on the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā

 

Greetings, friends of NanZen!

 

Some readers have asked about the accuracy of the following AI Data:

“Criticism from Certain Theravāda Scholars”

 

In recent times, some Theravāda scholars have expressed doubts about Nāgārjuna’s teachings. For instance:

• They argue that the concept of “emptiness of all phenomena” could imply a rejection of karma and rebirth, leaning toward nihilism or annihilationism.
• Some critics have labeled his philosophy as “not the Buddha’s teaching,” “wrong view,” or even, in extreme cases, “a demonic view.” However, these are individual opinions and do not reflect the overall stance of Theravāda Buddhism.

For example, one well-known Theravāda monk:

• Bhikkhu Bodhi: He holds a respectful and analytical view toward Mahāyāna philosophy. While recognizing the logical depth of the Madhyamaka school, he also highlights its doctrinal differences from Theravāda.
• Some scholars view Nāgārjuna’s work as a philosophical interpretation rather than an expression of early Buddhist doctrine, though they avoid overly critical language.

 

Banji:

The issue is rather simple: once one grasps the profound meaning of dependent origination, it becomes clearwhether an explanation from the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā is necessary.


 (Refer to Saṃyukta Āgama Sūtra 335, which talks about“The results of karma exist, but not the doer thereof”.Related discussions can be found in the Śūnyatā seriesdelivered at AJ Hotel Hsinchu on this blog.)


If the concern lies merely in the fear that “śūnyatā” might undermine the Buddhist doctrine of karma and causesand effects, then the solution is straightforward — one can simply avoid reading the MūlamadhyamakakārikāI don’t think there’s anything to argue about.

 

When others raise this question to me, I respond by pointing to the standard methodology among commentators: construct a coherent rebuttal using logical debate, as is traditional. If Nāgārjuna’s reasoning is flawed, formulate a refutation. Yet to date, I have not encountered a successful one.

 

In our NanZen study club, I’ve said many times: accepting the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā means recognizing the wisdom of later generations. The views in the text are concise.

 

My personal interpretation is:

If 1 + 1 = 2,
then the Madhyamaka advocates that the connection between the two “1”s must be “śūnyatā”.
It never proposes that 0 + 0 is the basis of the discussion.

This is something readers ought to contemplate.

 


Likewise, Theravāda Buddhism values texts like the Abhidhamma, which are also post-canonical treatises.
Whether or not one can comprehend the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā depends on the reader’s capacity.

The Mūlamadhyamakakārikā should not be categorized as philosophy.

As previously discussed, perhaps only Śāriputra and Nāgārjuna Bodhisattva truly comprehended the Buddha’s teaching on dependent origination. Scriptural evidence has been provided to support this claim (see the screenshot below for references.The content of the screenshot is not translated.).


 

Early Buddhist texts frequently apply the method of “cutting off. Many aspects of practice and daily life focus on ending or abandoning certain things. Naturally, when all is cut off, things become easier to handle.

 

Yet, to explain the nature of existence, change, and continuity requires a more advanced mode of thinking—one that surpasses the rigid, systematized processes of the conventional mind and associated mental states..

 

So why call it “demonic”? Who exactly are you trying to frighten?

 

Master Banji

 

 

 

2025年8月1日 星期五

華人佛法

大家好!

有大德會問說昨天的《中論》文章,哪裡不能用華人的視野?

我們怎麼知道?


也有大德會說:

那整個偈語都不是中文,

所以,讀者也得自己去用功

用華人的視野例如;

僧肇法師的《物不遷論》中流水比諭,

華人喜歡高山流水,

但是高山流水跟《中觀論》是完全不同的兩回事,


不能一直把文學當佛法,這是大錯特錯的,

如果只要「文學性質的佛法,」


當時的玄奘法師們根本不用去印度留學,

如只要夢幻的佛法,何必動用這麼多資源呢?

無價之寶葬送在夢幻裡,可悲!

半寄