禪門三喝3
在往澧陽途中,德山禪師遇見一位賣餅的婆子,
見燭吹滅 豁然大悟
抵達龍潭崇信禪師的道場,德山禪師走到法堂開口便道:
次日,龍潭禪師陞座向大眾說:「可中有個漢,牙如劍樹,
婆子的謎題揭示了佛學研究的悖論。德山在知識層面精通《金剛經》
• 啟發: 關於「空性」的知識不等於「空性」的體驗。
2. 言語之外的傳承(吹燭)
當龍潭吹滅蠟燭時,他摧毀了德山對「外在光明」(經文、導師、
• 啟發: 真正的覺醒往往發生在「理性的光」熄滅之時。在絕對的黑暗中,
3. 焚經的勇氣
德山的焚經並非否定佛經本身,而是否定對經文的「執著」。
• 啟發: 正如他所說,再精妙的辯證法在虛空面前也只是一根毫毛。
Here is a translation tailored for English speakers and practitioners, followed by an analysis of the Buddhist insights it provides.
The Koan: Deshan and the Blown-Out Candle
I. The Old Woman by the Roadside
On his way to Liyang, Master Deshan—carrying a heavy load of his own commentaries on the Diamond Sutra—stopped to buy some rice cakes (known in Chinese as dianxin, literally "dotting the heart") to ease his hunger.
An old woman selling the cakes pointed at his bundles and asked, "What writings are those?"
Deshan replied, "The Qinglong Commentaries on the Diamond Sutra."
The woman asked, "And what is the core teaching of that Sutra?"
Deshan said, "The Diamond Sutra."
The woman smiled and said, "I have one question. If you can answer it, I will give you the cakes for free. If you cannot, you must go elsewhere. The Diamond Sutra says: 'The past heart-mind cannot be grasped, the present heart-mind cannot be grasped, and the future heart-mind cannot be grasped.' I wonder, O Scholar, which 'heart' are you planning to 'dot' today?"
Deshan was struck silent. Unable to utter a word, he picked up his burdens and headed for the monastery of Master Longtan.
II. No Dragon, No Pond
Upon arriving, Deshan walked into the Dharma Hall and declared, "I have long heard of 'Dragon Pond' (Longtan), but now that I am here, I see no pond, and no dragon appears!"
Master Longtan looked up and said simply, "You have truly arrived at Dragon Pond."
Deshan didn't quite grasp the meaning, but he decided to stay and study.
III. The Blown-Out Candle
One evening, while Deshan was standing in attendance, Longtan said, "It is late. Why don't you go back and rest?"
Deshan bid him goodnight and walked out. A moment later, he returned, saying, "It is pitch black outside."
Longtan lit a paper candle and handed it to Deshan. Just as Deshan reached out to take it, Longtan leaned forward and blew it out.
In that sudden darkness, Deshan attained Great Enlightenment. He immediately bowed to the Master.
Longtan asked, "What did you see?"
Deshan replied, "From this day forward, I will never again doubt the words of the old Zen masters."
IV. The Great Bonfire
The next day, Longtan told the assembly: "There is a man among us whose teeth are like a forest of swords and whose mouth is like a bowl of blood. You could hit him with a stick and he wouldn't turn his head. One day, he will stand on a solitary peak and establish our Way!"
Deshan then brought his massive piles of commentaries to the front of the hall. He raised a torch and declared:
> "Exhausting all subtle dialectics is like placing a single hair in the Great Void. Exhausting all the world’s vital mechanisms is like dropping a single point of water into a vast canyon."
>
With that, he set his books on fire, watched them turn to ash, and departed for Guishan.
Insights: What Buddhist "Knowledge" is Produced?
This Koan serves as a "thunderclap" (当头一喝) for those who mistake the map for the territory. It produces three specific levels of insight for practitioners:
1. The Trap of Conceptualization (The Old Woman's Question)
The old woman’s riddle highlights the paradox of Buddhist study. Deshan knew the Diamond Sutra intellectually, but he was "hungry"—both physically and spiritually.
* The Insight: Knowledge about "emptiness" (Sunyata) is not the same as the experience of it. If the mind is "ungraspable" (past, present, and future), then using a book to "fix" or "dot" the mind is an exercise in futility.
2. The Transmission Beyond Words (The Candle)
When Longtan blew out the candle, he destroyed Deshan's reliance on external "light" (scriptures, teachers, and intellectual clarity).
* The Insight: True realization often happens when the "intellectual light" is extinguished. In the total darkness, Deshan could no longer look at the candle; he had to rely on his own innate Buddha-nature. This is the "direct pointing" of Zen.
3. The "Burning" of the Commentaries